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Kivimäki et al. Job strain and mortality / coronary heart disease evidence (multicohort analysis)

Moderate for defined job strain; limited for generic stress

Stress Confounding risk Observational evidence Reverse causation risk

Cohort study

Job strain meta-analysis: CHD RR ~1.26; multicohort mortality HR 1.68 in men with cardiometabolic disease

Causal status: Association

Reliability / bias notes: Construct heterogeneity; socioeconomic confounding; reverse causation

PMID 29884468

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Important disclosures. This research library is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and is not a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.

Entries summarise population-level associations from published research. They describe patterns across large groups of people, not a prediction about any one individual — "association" is not the same as "if you change this, your risk changes by this amount."

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