Lifestyle
Daily behaviours and habits — smoking, alcohol, activity, sleep — with some of the largest, most consistently replicated evidence bases in longevity research.
Safety
Everyday risk exposures such as seat belt use, distracted driving and motorcycle riding, where the evidence often centres on injury and crash outcomes rather than long-run mortality.
Sociodemographic
Structural and demographic circumstances — relationship status, planned country of residence — that correlate with mortality through pathways that are harder to isolate from confounding.
Mental
Psychological and social factors — relationship quality, stress, life satisfaction, social connection — where effect sizes are real but the evidence is often more limited than for physical risk factors.
Biomarkers
Measurable physiological markers — blood pressure, resting heart rate, kidney and liver function, muscle mass — with well-established, graded associations with mortality.
Blood Levels
Circulating blood markers — cholesterol, inflammation, glycaemic and omega-3 status — most of which show non-linear or debated causal relationships with mortality.
Family History
Inherited and shared-environment risk signalled by parental longevity and family history of cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Medical History
Prior diagnoses — cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer — with strong prognostic evidence, though exact risk varies widely by disease severity and treatment.
Nutrition & Diet
Dietary intake patterns, such as processed meat and fruit/vegetable consumption, typically studied through large prospective cohorts with inherent dietary-measurement limitations.