Self-report bias — Halo Research Library

Prior cancer diagnosis and mortality profile in US adults

Strong

Cancer history Observational evidence Self-report bias

Observational study

Prior cancer diagnosis associated with 29% higher multivariate-adjusted all-cause mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22–1.35)

Causal status: Associational; prospective cohort with national death-registry linkage

Reliability / bias notes: Self-reported prior diagnosis; heterogeneous cancer types and time-since-diagnosis pooled together

Wang et al · Am J Med Sci · 2023 · PMID 36279936

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Resistance Training and Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Strong

Resistance Training Meta-analysis Observational evidence Self-report bias

Systematic review & meta-analysis

Any resistance training vs none associated with 15% lower all-cause mortality (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.93); dose-response peaked at ~60 min/week (27% reduction)

Causal status: Observational; supported by RCT evidence on intermediate outcomes

Reliability / bias notes: Only 10 cohort studies pooled; self-reported exposure; nonlinear dose-response not fully resolved

Shailendra et al · Am J Prev Med · 2022 · PMID 35599175

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Relationship quality and 5-year mortality risk

Limited

Relationship quality Observational evidence Reverse causation risk Self-report bias

Observational study

Older-adult cohort: negative relationship quality OR 1.20 over 5 years; criticism OR 1.44

Causal status: Association

Reliability / bias notes: Small event count; self-report; reverse causation; limited generalisability

Bookwala & Gaugler · Health Psychol · 2020 · PMID 32406727

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Nighttime sleep duration and all-cause mortality: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Strong

Sleep Meta-analysis Observational evidence Self-report bias

Meta-analysis

U-shaped; ~7 h/night lowest risk; 9–11 h associated with materially higher mortality in meta-analysis

Causal status: Association

Reliability / bias notes: Illness causing long sleep; sleep apnea; shift work; self-report

Cappuccio et al · Sci Rep · 2016 · PMID 26900147

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Tobacco smoking and all-cause mortality in a large Australian cohort study

Strong

Smoking Observational evidence Reverse causation risk Self-report bias

Cohort study

Never smoker = reference; current smoking ~2.18–2.81× mortality in large cohorts; former smokers can approach never-smoker risk after prolonged cessation

Causal status: Causal support strong; mortality evidence mostly prospective

Reliability / bias notes: Self-report; pack-years and cessation timing matter; reverse causation can affect recent quitters

Banks et al · BMC Med · 2015 · PMID 25857449

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Mobile phone use and motor vehicle crash risk / hospital attendance

Moderate for crash risk; limited for mortality

Phone use while driving Observational evidence Self-report bias

Observational study

Crash case-crossover OR 4.1 for phone use within 5 min before crash; culpability OR 1.70 in another study

Causal status: Strong causal plausibility for crash impairment; direct mortality estimate limited

Reliability / bias notes: Self-report/recall; exposure definition; no robust all-cause mortality coefficient

McEvoy et al. · 2007 · PMID 17920840

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