Key finding
90-cohort meta-analysis: isolation pooled effect ~1.32; loneliness ~1.14 for all-cause mortality
Evidence & causal status
Strong for association
Association; intervention evidence for mortality less direct
Caveats & limitations
Reliability / bias notes: Definitions differ; loneliness ≠ isolation; socioeconomic/health confounding
This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.