Key finding
2025 pooled estimate: single HR ~1.55; divorced ~1.39; widowed ~1.43 vs married
Evidence & causal status
Moderate–strong
Association
Caveats & limitations
Reliability / bias notes: Health selection into/out of relationships; social support and income confounding
This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.