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C-reactive protein (CRP)

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C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis

Strong
C-reactive protein (CRP)Confounding riskMeta-analysisObservational evidence
Meta-analysis
Each 3-fold (1-SD) higher log-CRP associated with 1.55x non-vascular mortality (95% CI 1.41–1.69) and similar magnitude for vascular mortality, in an individual-participant meta-analysis of 160,309 people across 54 studies
Causal status: Causal role debated; CRP likely partly a marker of underlying inflammation/disease rather than a direct cause
Reliability / bias notes: Association attenuates but persists after adjusting for conventional risk factors and fibrinogen; residual confounding by subclinical illness possible
Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (Kaptoge et al) · Lancet · 2010 · PMID 20031199
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