C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis

Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (Kaptoge et al) · Lancet · 2010

Key finding

Each 3-fold (1-SD) higher log-CRP associated with 1.55x non-vascular mortality (95% CI 1.41–1.69) and similar magnitude for vascular mortality, in an individual-participant meta-analysis of 160,309 people across 54 studies

Evidence & causal status

Strong

Causal role debated; CRP likely partly a marker of underlying inflammation/disease rather than a direct cause

Caveats & limitations

Reliability / bias notes: Association attenuates but persists after adjusting for conventional risk factors and fibrinogen; residual confounding by subclinical illness possible

This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.