Daily steps and all-cause mortality: umbrella review and meta-analysis Moderate–strong StepsMeta-analysisObservational evidenceReverse causation risk Meta-analysis ~9% lower mortality per 1,000 additional steps/day in 2024 meta-analysis; nonlinear benefit Causal status: Association Reliability / bias notes: Device wear/non-wear; reverse causation; overlaps physical activity Rodríguez-Gutiérrez et al · Prev Med · 2024 · PMID 38901742 Read the study →