Key finding
Large IPD analysis: mortality lowest around or below 100 g ethanol/week; higher intake progressively associated with lower life expectancy
Evidence & causal status
Strong
Association; causal interpretation complicated by abstainer/former-drinker bias
Caveats & limitations
Reliability / bias notes: Former-drinker bias; drinking pattern and socioeconomic confounding
This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.