Red and processed meat consumption and mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts

Processed meat intake Confounding risk Meta-analysis Observational evidence

Key finding

~15% higher all-cause mortality per 1 serving/day increase in meta-analysis; highest vs lowest ~23% higher

Evidence & causal status

Moderate

Association

Caveats & limitations

Reliability / bias notes: Dietary measurement error; healthy-pattern confounding; substitution effects

This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.