Key finding
Vs BMI 22.5–<25: obesity 30–<35 HR 1.45; 35–<40 HR 1.94; 40–<60 HR 2.76
Evidence & causal status
Strong
Predominantly association; causal contribution plausible
Caveats & limitations
Reliability / bias notes: Muscle mass and fat distribution; low-BMI reverse causation
This describes a population-level association from published research. It is not a prediction about any one individual, and association is not the same as causation unless stated otherwise above.